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Uhambo olude lomqhaphu ukuya kwimichiza

Ixesha: 2021-10-08 Indawo: 174

Umqhaphu sisixhobo esidala kakhulu sokulungisa ilaphu, kodwa ukusukela oko uvunwa kumthi womqhaphu, kufuneka uhambe uhambo olude lokusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali.

Ubungakanani bemathiriyeli:

Umqhaphu uthathwa nje njengebhola yomqhaphu kwaye awunakwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpahla. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpahla zenziwe ngokusikwa kunye nokuthunga kunye nelaphu, elenziwe ngomsonto omnye, wona wenziwe ngumsonto omnye wefiber.

Kufuneka sikame iibhola zomqhaphu zibe yifayibha yomqhaphu enye ngokusebenzisa umatshini welaphu, kodwa iintsinga zomqhaphu zilungile kangangokuba zophuka ngokulula ngexesha lokutsalwa koomatshini kwaye akukho ndlela yokuzilukela elaphu. Umaleko we-Soa wokulinganisa (ubungakanani besitatshi esilungisiweyo + i-PVA polyvinyl alcohol, i-CMC carboxymethyl cellulose, i-PA polyacrylate) kufuneka ifakwe kumsonto ukuyinika ifilimu ekhuselayo ukuthintela ukophuka, kunye nokugcina ubunwele bomsonto busondele kwimicu. , ukunciphisa ukukhuhla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womsonto.

Yakuba ininzi imisonto yomqhaphu yenziwe ibe liqhekeza elinye lelaphu lomqhaphu, kufuneka ithunyelwe kumzi-mveliso wokushicilela nowokudaya ukuze ilungiswe.

Iqhekeza lelaphu lihamba ngeendlela ezi-3: unyango lwangaphambili - ukudaya - ukugqiba

Unyango lwangaphambili:

I-Paste iluncedo xa uthunga, kodwa iyingozi xa idaya. Xa umphezulu wefiber ugutyungelwe ngokuqinileyo yifilimu ye-pulp, idayi ayinakungena ngaphakathi kwifiber ukuyidaya kwaye ke kuyimfuneko ukunyanga i-pulp ngaphambi kokudaya okulandelayo.

Ngoko ke kufuneka sisebenzise i-hotcaustic soda NaOH ukunyibilikisa i-slurry ibe yityuwa yesodium enyibilikayo emanzini, kunye ne-sodium ye-someJFC (i-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) ukunceda ukuyinyibilikisa ngcono. Eli nyathelo libizwa ngokuba kukunqwenela.

Umqhaphu ukhuliswa ngokwendalo, ngoko ke unezinto ezininzi ezingcolileyo, ezibandakanya i-pectin, i-wax, i-cottonseed hulls, i-salts ye-inorganic, i-pigments, i-ash, i-nitrogenous substances njalo njalo. Oku kungcola kubangela ukuba intsholongwane yomqhaphu ibemthubi kwaye igqunywe ngamakhoba embewu yomqhaphu emnyama.

umfanekiso 

Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukongeza i-oxidising agent, i-hydrogen peroxide H2O2 ukwenza i-bleach pigment, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukususa i-cottonseed hulls emnyama, i-caustic soda i-NaOH kunye ne-sodium bisulphite i-NaHSO3 yongezwa ukuze isabele kunye namaqela e-phenolic hydroxyl kwi-lignin ukuvelisa izinto eziphuma kuyo. zinyibilika ngokulula kwi-alkali. Eli nyathelo libizwa ngokuba yi-bleaching yokusulungekisa.

Isixa se-caustic soda idsorbed okanye idliwe yi-100 g ye-cotton fiber 

Isixa se-caustic soda idsorbed okanye idliwe yi-100 g ye-cotton fiber

Ubungakanani besoda yecaustic efunliweyo okanye esetyenzisiweyo/g

IPectin

0.2-0.3

Izinto ze-nitrogen

1.0

Izinto ezine-waxy (i-acids ezinamafutha)

0.1

Amaqela eCarboxyl kwiifibers

0.2-0.3

I-100g yesoda yokulungisa ifayibha

1.0-2.0

Total

2.5-3.7

Ngenxa yokuba ihydrogen peroxide ngokulula catalyzed yi ion zentsimbi yentsimbi kunye nobhedu emanzini ukuba kwenzeke ukubola olungasebenziyo, ukuze ilaphu umqhaphu embryo hayi nje ibleached kodwa ngenxa yokusabela ngobundlobongela kwaye wenze imingxuma ilaphu, ngokunjalo ngokunjalo. addsodium silicate Na2SiO3, EDTA, sodium hexametaphosphate ukuba adsorb ezi ion zetsimbi ukuthintela ukwenzeka metal ion catalytic phenomenon.

Ukudaya.

Idayi zahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-pigment, kwaye lumanyano olomeleleyo phakathi kwedayi kunye nempahla eqinisekisa ukuba umbala awuphumi ekuhlanjweni kwemihla ngemihla kwaye umbala wengubo awumngcolisi umntu.

Indibaniselwano ye-pigment kunye nefiber yokupeyinta nokubhala ayifuni kangako; kwanele ukuba nombala.

Zintathu iindidi zedayi eziqhele ukusetyenziselwa iintambo zomqhaphu: iidayi ezithe ngqo, iidayi ezisebenzayo kunye nedayi yokunciphisa. Bonke badibanisa kwi-cotton fiber ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Idayi ezithe ngqo: zihlawuliswa kakubi, ngelixa iifibers zekotoni nazo zihlawuliswa kakubi kwizisombululo ezinamanzi ngenxa yokuba ziqulethe amaninzi e-hydroxyl-OH kunye namaqela e-carboxylic acid - COOH, okubangela ukunyathelana. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko yokongeza i-Sodium sulfate Na2SO4, ene-radius encinci ye-ionic kwaye ihlawuliswe ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa iimpawu zombane kunye nokunciphisa ukunyanyiswa kwentlawulo, kwaye ke idayi ethe ngqo ixhomekeke kwimikhosi yayo ye-van der Waals kunye neebhondi ze-hydrogen ukuya. ibhondi ngokusondeleyo kunye neentambo zomqhaphu.

纤维素电荷图 

Idayi ezisebenzayo: ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziidayi ezisebenzayo, ezi dayi zinamaqela e-vinylsulfone kunye ne-homotriazine kuwo, omabini angatshintshwa nge-hydroxyl-OH kwiselulosi ukuvelisa ibhondi ezinzileyo ye-covalent. Nangona kunjalo, i-substitution reaction kufuneka ibe malunga ne-pH: i-11 ukusabela ngokupheleleyo, i-sodium carbonate i-Na2CO3 kufuneka ifakwe ukulungisa i-alkaline pH.

Idayi zokunciphisa: Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqinile, ngoko ke akukho ndlela yokudaywa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cotton fibers, ngoko ke kufuneka songeze i-Sodium dithionite (i-sodium hydrosulfite) kunye ne-Rongalit powder (i-sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate) ukusabela kwiidayi zokunciphisa kwiityuwa zesodium ezinyibilikayo, enokuthi ke inyibilikiswe emanzini kwaye idayiwe kwimicu, ize ibekwe emoyeni ukuze isebenzise ioksijini okanye yongeze i-hydrogen peroxide H202 ukuphinda i-oxidise iityuwa zesodium efihlakeleyo Ukudaya kugqitywe ngokuphinda kufakwe idayi edayiyo kwidayi encibilikayo enganyibilikiyo. umoya okanye ngokongeza ihydrogen peroxide H202.

Ukunciphisa idayi akuchithi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ngoko kunzima kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ngumbala.

Emva kokudaya, kusekho umyinge omkhulu wombala odadayo kumphezulu welaphu lomqhaphu, ke ngoko inani elikhulu leekhompawundi ze-surfactant liyafuneka ukuhlamba lo maleko wombala odadayo kunye nokuthintela umbala ohlanjiweyo ukuba ungangcolisi ilaphu, ngoko ke iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-surfactants ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukudibanisa ukuhlamba kwakhona.

Emva kokuhlamba, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-agent esebenzayo yokulungisa umbala (i-quaternary ammonium salt compound), enokuthi iphendule kwaye idibanise nedayi, iyenze i-soluble encinci okanye igubungele umphezulu wengubo ngokuthe ngqo ngefilimu, okwenza kube nzima kwidayi. ukuphuma.

Ngokongezwa kwe-arhente yokulungisa umbala, ukuphuculwa kokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nombala ongenanto kubonakala.

Ukugqitywa kokuthunyelwa:

Amalaphu alukwe onke ngemisonto, kodwa iimpawu zelaphu ≠ iimpawu zemisonto ngokwazo.

Abashicileli kunye needayi zinokufaka amalaphu kwisisombululo sepolymer ye-afluorocarbon kwaye, ngenkqubo ethile yokubhaka, inokwenza amalaphu e-cotton angagxothi amanzi, njengoko ndichaza kweli nqaku (zeziphi izinyibilikisi ezibini ze-organic ezinganyibilikiyo kwaye zombini ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini?)

Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kwamalaphu kwaye kwaziwa kwishishini lethu njengezinto ezincedisayo zokuprinta kunye nokudaya.

Ukuvakalelwa kwengubo kuya kuhlahloka ngokuhlamba okungaphezulu nje ngokuba i-softener kwisambatho iya kuncipha ngokuhlamba okuninzi.

Izithambiso eziqhelekileyo ziquka izithambiso ze-cationic kunye ne-silicone softeners. I-Cationic surfactants nazo ziyizithako eziphambili kwii-conditioners zeenwele, zixhomekeke kakhulu kwii-agent ze-hydrophobic ukuba zifake kwiifibers kunye namaqela e-hydrophilic kunye nentlawulo ye-cationic egxotha omnye nomnye ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana.

Isiphumo sesithambisi se-oyile ye-silicone siya kuchazwa ngakumbi, njengoko amandla afunekayo ukujikeleza ibhondi ye-silicone ye-oyile ye-silicone kwi-oyile ye-silicone iphantse ibe yi-zero, kwaye amaqela amabini e-methyl kwi-oyile ye-dimethyl silicone nawo athatha indawo enkulu yendawo. , ukuvumela iifibers zandise umgama wazo omnye komnye, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuthamba.

umfanekiso 

Ifomula yesakhiwo seoli ye-silicone

Ingangeni manzi, ithambile, itshintsha umbala, i-antibacterial, ivumba elimnandi, i-retardant yomlilo, i-anti-wrinkle, imhlophe, imnyama, ukufumana ubunzima, i-fluorescent, into yokugxotha ingcongconi, njl., kuphela awukwazi ukucinga ngayo, hayi awukwazi ukuyenza zonke zinokufezekiswa ngokongeza ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo kunye nokudaya izongezo.

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