Ulendo wautali wa thonje wopita ku mankhwala opangira mankhwala

Thonje ndi chinthu chakale kwambiri chopangira nsalu, koma kuyambira pomwe chimatengedwa mumtengo wa thonje, chiyenera kuyenda ulendo wautali wokonza mankhwala.

Kukula kwazinthu:

Thonje amangotengedwa ngati mpira wa thonje ndipo sangapangidwe mwachindunji muzovala. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zovala zimapangidwa mwa kudula ndi kusoka pamodzi nsalu, yomwe imakhala ndi chingwe chimodzi, chomwe chimakhala ndi chingwe chimodzi cha ulusi.

Tiyenera kupesa mipira ya thonje kuti ikhale ulusi umodzi wa thonje pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira nsalu, koma ulusi wa thonje ndi wabwino kwambiri moti umathyoka mosavuta pokoka makina ndipo palibe njira yowalukira munsalu. Soa wosanjikiza (modified starch sizing + PVA polyvinyl alcohol, CMC carboxymethyl cellulose, PA polyacrylate) uyenera kupakidwa ulusi kuti upatse filimu yoteteza kuti isasweke, komanso kusunga tsitsi la ulusi pafupi ndi ulusi. , kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuwongolera ulusi wabwino.

Nsalu za thonje zosawerengeka zikapangidwa kukhala nsalu imodzi ya thonje, zimayenera kutumizidwa ku fakitale yosindikizira ndi yodaya kuti ikakonzedwa.

Nsalu nthawi zambiri imadutsa masitepe atatu: kuchiritsa - kudaya - kumaliza

Chithandizo chisanachitike:

Phala limapindulitsa poluka, koma limavulaza mukadaya. Pamwamba pa ulusiwo utaphimbidwa mwamphamvu ndi filimu ya zamkati, utoto sungathe kulowa mkati mwa ulusi kuti udake ndipo pamafunika kuchiritsa zamkati musanadaye.

Choncho tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito soda hotcaustic NaOH kupasuka slurry mu madzi abwino sungunuka sodium mchere, ndi someJFC permeate (mafuta mowa polyoxyethylene efa) kuthandiza kupasuka bwino. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa desizing.

Thonje amalimidwa mwachilengedwe, motero amakhala ndi zonyansa zambiri, kuphatikiza pectin, phula, matumba a cottonseed, mchere wa inorganic, pigment, phulusa, zinthu za nayitrogeni ndi zina zotero. Zonyansazi zimapangitsa kuti mbeu ya thonje ikhale yachikasu ndipo imakutidwa ndi mankhusu akuda a thonje.

Ndiye m`pofunika kuwonjezera oxidising wothandizila hydrogen peroxide H2O2 Bleach pigment, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa wakuda thonje hulls, koloko koloko NaOH andsodium bisulphite NaHSO3 anawonjezera kuchita ndi phenolic hydroxyl magulu lignin kutulutsa zotumphukira kuti. amasungunuka mosavuta mu alkali. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa refining bleaching.

Kuchuluka kwa caustic koloko kudsorbed kapena kudyedwa ndi 100 g ya thonje fiber 

Chifukwa hydrogen peroxide mosavuta catalyzed ndi ayoni zitsulo chitsulo ndi mkuwa m'madzi kuti zichitike wolephera kuwola, kuti thonje mluza nsalu osati bleached komanso chifukwa cha chiwawa anachita ndi kupanga mabowo mu nsalu, kotero komanso. addsodium silicate Na2SiO3, EDTA, sodium hexametaphosphate kuti adsorb ayoni zitsulo izi kupewa kupezeka kwa zitsulo ion chothandizira chodabwitsa.

Kudaya.

Utoto ndi wosiyana kotheratu ndi utoto, ndipo ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa utoto ndi chovala womwe umatsimikizira kuti utotowo usatuluke pakuchapira kwatsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuti mtundu wa chovalacho usadetse munthu.

Kuphatikiza kwa pigment ndi ulusi wojambula ndi kulemba sikovuta kwambiri; ndikokwanira kukhala ndi mtundu.

Pali mitundu itatu ya utoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ulusi wa thonje: utoto wachindunji, utoto wokhazikika komanso utoto wochepetsera. Onse amalumikizana ndi ulusi wa thonje m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Utoto wachindunji: woyimbidwa molakwika, pomwe ulusi wa thonje umayimbidwanso molakwika munjira zamadzimadzi chifukwa uli ndi magulu ambiri a hydroxyl-OH ndi carboxylic acid - COOH, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidana. Choncho m'pofunika kuwonjezera Sodium sulphate Na2SO4, amene ali yaing'ono ionic utali wozungulira ndi zabwino mlandu, neutralize katundu magetsi ndi kuchepetsa mutual mlandu kunyansidwa, ndiyeno dyestuff mwachindunji amadalira mphamvu zake van der Waals ndi hydrogen zomangira kuti. kugwirizana kwambiri ndi ulusi wa thonje.

Utoto wokhazikika: umadziwikanso kuti reactive dyes, utotowu uli ndi magulu onse a vinylsulfone ndi homotriazine, onse omwe amatha kulowetsedwa ndi hydroxyl-OH pa cellulose kuti apange chomangira chokhazikika. Komabe, m'malo mwake muyenera kukhala pafupifupi pH: 11 kuti muchite bwino, sodium carbonate Na2CO3 iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti igwirizane ndi pH yamchere.

Utoto wochepetsera: Nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba, kotero palibe njira yowadayira mwachindunji pa ulusi wa thonje, chifukwa chake tiyenera kuwonjezera sodium dithionite (sodium hydrosulfite) ndi ufa waRongalit (sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate) kuti tithane ndi utoto wocheperako kukhala mchere wosungunuka wa sodium, zomwe zimatha kusungunuka m'madzi ndikuzipaka ulusi, ndikuyikidwa mumlengalenga kuti zigwiritse ntchito mpweya kapena kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide H202 kuti ikonzenso mchere wamchere wa sodium. mpweya kapena powonjezera hydrogen peroxide H202.

Kuchepetsa utoto sikusungunuke nthawi zonse, kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kutaya mtundu.

Pambuyo pa utoto, pamakhala utoto wochuluka woyandama pamwamba pa nsalu ya thonje, kotero kuti pakufunika mankhwala ambiri opangidwa ndi surfactant kutsuka utoto woyandama uwu ndikupewa utoto wotsukidwawo kuti usadetsenso nsalu, kotero mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma surfactants iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiziranso kutsuka.

Pambuyo kutsuka, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito anactive color fixing agent (quaternary ammonium salt compound), yomwe imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndikuphatikizana ndi utoto, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosungunuka kapena kuphimba pamwamba pa chovalacho ndi filimu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale wovuta. kuti achoke.

Ndi kuwonjezera kwa mtundu wokonza mtundu, kusintha kwachangu poyerekeza ndi mtundu wopanda kanthu ndi koonekeratu.

Pomaliza kumaliza:

Nsalu zonse zimalukidwa kuchokera ku ulusi, koma mawonekedwe a nsalu ≠ mawonekedwe a ulusi womwewo.

Makina osindikizira ndi opaka utoto amatha kuyika nsalu mu njira ya afluorocarbon polima ndipo, kudzera munjira inayake yophika, amatha kupanga nsalu za thonje kuti zisalowe madzi, monga ndikufotokozera m'nkhaniyi (ndi zosungunulira ziwiri za organic zomwe sizisungunuka komanso zonse zosasungunuka m'madzi?)

Izi zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a nsalu ndipo zimadziwika mumakampani athu ngati zida zothandizira zosindikizira ndi utoto.

Kumverera kwa chovalacho kudzawonongeka ndi zotsuka zambiri chifukwa chakuti zofewa mu chovalacho zidzachepa ndi zotsuka zambiri.

Zofewa wamba zimaphatikizapo zofewa za cationic ndi zofewa za silicone. Ma cationic surfactants ndiyenso zosakaniza zazikulu muzowongolera tsitsi, kudalira kwambiri othandizira a hydrophobic kuti agwirizane ndi ulusi ndi magulu a hydrophilic okhala ndi cationic charge yomwe imathamangitsa wina ndi mnzake kuti achepetse kukangana.

Zotsatira za chofewetsa mafuta a silikoni zidzawonekeranso kwambiri, chifukwa mphamvu yofunikira kuti muzungulire chomangira cha okosijeni cha Si-O mumafuta a silicone ndi pafupifupi ziro, ndipo magulu awiri a methyl pamafuta a dimethyl silicone nawonso amakhala ndi malo okulirapo. , kulola kuti ulusiwo uwonjezeke mtunda wotalikirana wina ndi mzake, motero kumapangitsa kufewa.

Silicone mafuta structural formula

Madzi, zofewa, kusintha mtundu, antibacterial, onunkhira, flame retardant, anti-khwinya, whitening, blackening, kunenepa, fulorosenti, udzudzu wothamangitsa, ndi zina zotero, inu simungakhoze kuganiza za, ayi simungathe, ndipo izi. zonse zitha kutheka powonjezera zosindikizira zosiyanasiyana ndi utoto.