Te Haerenga Roa o te Miro ki te Tukatuka Matū

He rauemi tawhito rawa te miro mō te tukatuka kakahu, engari mai i te wā e tangohia ai i te rākau miro, me haere ia i roto i te tukanga tukatuka matū roa.

Rauemi rahi:

He poro miro noa iho te miro, kāore e taea te hanga tika ki roto.o ngā kākahu. Nā te mea ka hangaia ngā kākahu mā te tapahi me te tuitui tahi i te kakahu, he mea hanga mai i te miro kotahi o te miro, ā, ko te miro kotahi anō o te muka i hangaia ai.

Me heru e tātou ngā pōro miro kia kotahi te muka miro mā te mīhini kakahu, engari he tino angiangi ngā muka miro, ā, he ngāwari te pakaru i te wā e tōia ana e te mīhini, ā, kāore he huarahi hei whatu hei kakahu. Nō reira, me pania he paparanga rahi (rahi māngaro whakarerekē + waipiro polyvinyl PVA, CMC carboxymethyl cellulose, PA polyacrylate) ki te miro hei hanga i tētahi kiriata tiaki hei ārai i te pakaru, me te pupuri hoki i te huruhuru o te miro kia tata ki ngā muka, hei whakaiti i te waku me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te miro.

Kia oti te hanga i ngā miro miro maha hei wahi kotahi o te papanga miro, me tuku ki tētahi wheketere tā me te tae hei tukatuka. E toru ngā taahiraa o te nuinga o te kakahu: te maimoatanga-mua – te tae – te whakaoti. Te maimoatanga-mua: He pai te whakapiri i te wā e raranga ana, engari he kino i te wā e tae ana. Ina kapi pū te mata o te muka i te kiriata penupenu, kāore e taea e te tae te uru ki roto i te muka hei tae, ā, me rongoa te penupenu i mua i te tae i muri mai. Nō reira, me whakamahi tātou i te houra wera NaOH hei whakarewa i te paru ki roto i te tote konutai wai-wai, me ētahi JFC permeate (waipiro momona polyoxyethylene ether) hei āwhina i te whakarewa pai ake. Ka kiia tēnei taahiraa ko te desizing. He mea whakatipu noa te miro, nō reira he maha, he maha ngā poke kei roto, tae atu ki te pectin, ngā ware pi, ngā kiri o te purapura miro, ngā tote kore-ora, ngā tae, te pungarehu, ngā matū hauota me ētahi atu. Nā ēnei poke ka kōwhai te iroriki miro, ka kapi hoki i ngā kiri o te purapura miro pango.

Kātahi ka hiahiatia te tāpiri i te matū whakapūkara te hauwai peroxide H2O2 hei whakama i te tae, ā, i te wā anō hei tango i ngā anga miro kua mangu, ka tāpirihia te houra tunutunu NaOH me te sodium bisulphite NaHSO3 hei tauhohe ki ngā rōpū phenolic hydroxyl i roto i te lignin hei whakaputa i ngā hua ka ngāwari te wairewa ki te kawakore.

Ka kiia tēnei mahi ko te whakamahine mā te whakamakuku. Ko te nui o te houra tunutunu ka mimitihia, ka pau rānei i te 100 karamu o te muka miro.

Nā te mea ka taea te whakakorikori i te hauwai waikura e ngā katote rino me te parahi i roto i te wai kia kore ai e pirau, kia kore ai e mā te kakahu miro, engari nā te kaha o te tauhohenga me te hanga kōhao i roto i te kakahu, ka tāpirihia hoki te konutai silicate Na2SiO3, EDTA, konutai hexametaphosphate hei mimiti i ēnei katote whakarewa hei ārai i te putanga mai o te āhuatanga whakakorikori katote whakarewa. Te tae. He rerekē rawa ngā tae i ngā tae, ā, ko te hononga kaha i waenga i te tae me te kākahu e whakarite ana kia kore te tae e taka i te horoinga o ia rā, kia kore ai hoki te tae o te kākahu e poke i te tangata. Kāore te whakakotahitanga o te tae me te muka mō te peita me te tuhituhi i te mea uaua; he nui noa te tae. E toru ngā momo tae e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā muka miro: ngā tae tika, ngā tae tauhohe me ngā tae whakaiti. He rerekē ngā huarahi e piri ai ēnei ki te muka miro. Ngā tae tika: he utu kino, ko ngā muka miro he utu kino anō hoki i roto i ngā wairewa wai nā te mea he maha ngā rōpū hydroxyl-OH me te waikawa carboxylic – COOH kei roto, ka hua ake he ātete tahi. Nō reira, me tāpiri te konutai whanariki Na2SO4, he iti nei te radius ionic, ā, he utu pai, hei whakakore i ngā āhuatanga hiko me te whakaiti i te ātete tahi, kātahi ka whakawhirinaki te tae tika ki ōna ake kaha van der Waals me ngā hononga hauwai hei piri tata ki ngā muka miro.

Ngā tae tauhohe: e mōhiotia ana ko ngā tae tauhohe, kei roto i ēnei tae ngā rōpū vinylsulfone me te homotriazine, ā, ka taea te whakakapi i ēnei ki te hydroxyl-OH i runga i te cellulose hei whakaputa i tētahi here hononga pumau. Heoi, me tata te pH o te tauhohenga whakakapinga ki te 11 kia tino tauhohe, me tāpiri te sosodium carbonate Na2CO3 hei whakarite ki te pH kawakore. Ngā tae whakaiti: He totoka te nuinga o te wā, nō reira kāore he huarahi hei tae tika ki runga i ngā muka miro, nō reira me tāpiri te Sodium dithionite (sodium hydrosulfite) me te paura Rongalit (sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate) hei tauhohe i ngā tae whakaiti ki roto i ngā tote konutai ngaro wairewa, ka taea te wairewa ki roto i te wai ka tae ki runga i ngā muka, kātahi ka whakanohoia ki te hau hei whakamahi i te hāora, hei tāpiri rānei i te hauwai peroxide H202 hei whakahou i ngā tote konutai ngaro. Kātahi ka oti te tae mā te whakahou i te tae whakaheke ki roto i te tae whakaiti kore wairewa ki te hau, mā te tāpiri rānei i te hauwai peroxide H202. Kāore ngā tae whakaiti e memeha i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, nō reira he tino uaua ki te ngaro te tae. Whai muri i te tae, he nui tonu te tae e mānu ana i runga i te mata o te papanga miro, nō reira he nui ngā matū surfactant e hiahiatia ana hei horoi i tēnei paparanga o te tango i te tae e rere ana, ā, hei ārai i te tae kua horoia kia kore e hoki anō te paru o te papanga, nō reira me whakamahi he momo matū horoi rerekē hei whakakotahi anō i te horoinga. Whai muri i te horoinga, me whakamahi he matū whakatika tae hohe (he matū tote ammonium quaternary), ka taea te tauhohe me te whakakotahi ki te tae, ka iti ake te wairewa, ka kapi rānei i te mata o te kākahu ki te kiriata, ka uaua ai te tango i te tae. Mā te tāpiri i te matū whakatika tae, ka kitea te whakapainga o te pakari ki te tae pātea. Whai muri i te whakaotinga: He mea whatu katoa ngā papanga mai i ngā miro, engari ko ngā āhuatanga o te papanga ≠ ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā muka tonu. Ka taea e ngā kaitā me ngā kaitā tae te whakakī i ngā papanga ki roto i te otinga polymer fluorocarbon, ā, mā roto i tētahi tukanga tunu kai, ka taea te hanga i ngā papanga miro hei ārai wai, e ai ki taku whakaahuatanga i roto i tēnei tuhinga (he aha ngā whakarewa waro e rua kāore e wairewa tetahi ki tetahi, ā, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai?) Ka whakapai ake tēnei i te mahi a ngā papanga, ā, e mōhiotia ana i roto i tā mātou umanga ko ngā āwhina tā me te tae. Ka heke te ahua o te kākahu me te maha o ngā horoinga nā te mea ka ka heke iho i te maha o ngā horoinga. Ko ngā whakangawari noa ko ngā whakangawari cationic me ngā whakangawari silicone. Ko ngā matū horoi cationic ngā kai matua o ngā whakamakuku makawe, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā matū wai-whakahāwea hei piri ki ngā muka me ngā rōpū wai-whakahāwea me te utu cationic e pana ana tetahi ki tetahi hei whakaiti i te waku. Ka nui ake te kitea o te pānga o te whakangawari hinu silicone, nā te mea he tata kore te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei huri i te here hāora silicone Si-O i roto i te hinu silicone, ā, he nui ake te tūranga o ngā rōpū methyl e rua i runga i te hinu silicone dimethyl, e āhei ai ngā muka ki te whakanui ake i tō rātou tawhiti tetahi i tetahi, ā, ka pai ake te ngawari.

Hanganga hinu silicone Ātete wai, ngawari, huri tae, huakita, kakara, ātete mura, ārai-kitakita, mā, mangu, whakanui taumaha, kanapa, ārai namu, me ētahi atu, engari kāore e taea e koe te whakaaro, kāore e taea e koe te mahi, ā, ka taea katoa tēnei mā te tāpiri i ngā momo tāpiringa tā me te tae.